Education 5th Sem Notes Free PDF Kashmir University Study Material Pdf JK crown

UNIT-1 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

• Measures of central tendency-Concept and use

• Computation of Mean, Mode and Median

• Raw scores and frequency distribution

• Graphical representation of frequency distribution, polygon and Histogram

Q: – Define ‘Statistics’ and give characteristics of ‘Statistics’.

A: -“Statistics‟ means numerical presentation of facts. Its meaning is divided into two forms – in plural form and in singular form. In plural

form, „Statistics‟ means a collection of numerical facts or data example price statistics, agricultural statistics, production statistics, etc. In singular form, the word means the statistical methods with the help of which collection, analysis and interpretation of data are accomplished. Characteristics of Statistics –

a) Aggregate of facts/data 

b) Numerically expressed

c) Affected by different factors 

d) Collected or estimated 

e) Reasonable standard of accuracy 

f) Predetermined purpose 

g) Comparable 

h) Systematic collection.

Therefore, the process of collecting, classifying, presenting, analyzing and interpreting the numerical facts, comparable for some predetermined purpose are collectively known as “Statistics”. Various definitions

• Bowley defines statistics as the science of counting in one context.

• Boddington defines statistics as the science of estimates and probabilities. 

• According to Lovitt, the science of statistics deals with the collection. Classification and tabulation of numerical facts as the basis for

explanation, description and comparison of phenomena. 

• Seligman defines statistics as the science which deals with the methods of collecting classifying, presenting, comparing and

interpreting numerical data collected to throw some light on any sphere of enquiry.

• Croxton and Cowden define statistics as the collection, presentation

analysis and interpretation of numerical data.

Q: – Discuss the Scope of Statistics